November 9 every year is China’s National Fire Protection Day.
Why is the “lethality” of high-rise building fires so great? Simply understand the three characteristics of such fires 👇 1 Flammable and combustible external insulation materials Flammable and combustible external insulation materials have become an important “accomplice” in high-rise building fires.
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At the same time, dial “119” to report important location information such as the trapped floor and room, and send out a distress signal near the window by flashing a flashlight, waving clothes, etc.
However, high rise buildings are huge in size, complex in function, densely populated, and have many hazards Once the fire load is large, it is still difficult to evacuate people and put out the fire.
In the telephone number, “119” is the fire alarm number, which is the same as the number of November 9.
How can we quickly identify the refuge layer when escaping? You can understand it with a picture 👇 There are three points to pay attention to when escaping from high-rise buildings.
How to escape from a high-rise fire? 1 Please call the fire alarm number “119” immediately and press the fire alarm button as soon as possible when conditions permit.
According to the current operation requirements of the 50 meter ladder fire rescue truck in China, the height between the first floor and the first refuge floor is not more than 50 meters, so that the ladder truck can be used for rescue.
Fire compartment, normally closed fire door positive pressure air supply system, automatic sprinkler system, automatic fire alarm system, fire control room, etc.
At that time, flammable and combustible materials such as polystyrene foam board or polyurethane hard foam were mostly used.
The fire protection refuge floor can not be occupied by people and sundries.
High rise buildings have strict fire safety requirements and fire protection design during construction.
According to the measurement, the wind speed at 10m above the building is 5m/s; Wind speed at 30m is 8.7m/s; The wind speed at 60m height is 12.3m/s; The wind speed at the height of 90m is 15m/s.
After a fire occurs in a high-rise building, smoke will spread vertically through the stairwell, pipe shaft, glass curtain wall gap and other parts at a speed of 3-4 m/s, which can quickly ignite the whole building.
Due to the lack of understanding of the danger of external wall thermal insulation materials in the past, there was no clear stipulation on the burning performance of materials.
Block the door with clothes, sheets, etc., and splash water to cool down and prevent smoke.
According to the data from the Fire Rescue Bureau of the Emergency Management Department, 4057 high-rise building fires were reported in 2021, resulting in 168 deaths, an increase of 22.6% over the previous year.
In order to facilitate people’s acceptance, our country has designated this day as the National Fire Protection Day since 1992.
The function of the refuge layer is for the personnel to avoid the fire, prevent the smoke from entering and causing damage to the personnel, and wait for the firefighters to come to the scene for rescue.
The rapid increase of high-rise buildings in cities is undoubtedly a major challenge to fire safety.
On this fire protection day this year, we will introduce some knowledge about dealing with high-rise building fires to our friends What is a high-rise building? Residential buildings with a building height of more than 27m and non single storey factories, warehouses and other civil buildings with a building height of more than 24m are high-rise buildings.
How to “escape” is also a skill everyone should know and master.
These materials are very easy to ignite and spread rapidly, and a large number of toxic smoke was generated after burning, which is very dangerous.
When escape is blocked, people can evacuate to the nearest refuge floor.
If the fire is obviously out of control, you can follow the “three tips” to escape and save yourself.
Never forget to turn off the valve when using gas; 3.
3 “Wind assisted fire” and “wind assisted fire” make high-rise building fire difficult to control.
If the door lock temperature is very high or there is thick smoke when opening the door, you should back off.
As the wind speed is faster when it is higher, the wind will often help the fire, and the fire will burn more and more vigorously.
One of the main measures is to add thermal insulation layer on the external wall.
Evacuate to the room far away from the fire floor as soon as possible, close the fire door in the stairwell, and press “Key 2” to retreat for help.).
In recent years, high-rise buildings are being built all over the country, regardless of the size of cities.
Touch the door lock before opening the door, If the temperature is not high and there is no smoke in the stairwell, escape down the stairway quickly and close the fire door when passing the stairwell.
(In the process of downward escape, if the smoke spreads upward and the temperature rises sharply, it is very likely that the evacuation passage below has been blocked by thick smoke and fire.
In addition, in daily life, we must do the following four things: 1.
Be careful to use electrical equipment to make people go without power; 2.
4.
“Chimney effect” refers to the phenomenon that indoor air rises or falls along the space with vertical gradient, resulting in enhanced air convection.
2 Do not panic when the fire source is determined and the fire is controllable.
Use the surrounding fire extinguishers, fire hydrants and other fire-fighting equipment to help put out the initial fire.
Key 3: Find the fire refuge floor What is the fire refuge floor? Residential buildings or public buildings with a building height of more than 100 meters must be equipped with fire escape floors.
2 “Chimney effect” and “chimney effect” lead to the rapid spread of high-rise building fire.
can effectively prevent and control fires.
Key 2: Back off in case of thick smoke.
The evacuation passageway, emergency exit and fire truck passageway shall be unblocked.
Since 2005, China has been implementing the building energy conservation policy.
It is equipped with fire hydrants, fire telephone, air supply system, automatic sprinkler system, broadcast system and other fire-fighting facilities.
The kitchen, balcony and corridor shall be cleaned regularly to prevent fire from occurring at the root, which is the best “self rescue” (material source: Fire Rescue Bureau of Emergency Management Department)..
