01 building plan 1
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The formation and use of building plan 1
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The formation of building plan 1
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Building plan is to use a hypothetical horizontal section plane to cut the house along the position slightly higher than the windowsill, remove the upper part, and make an orthographic projection of the remaining part to the horizontal plane
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The resulting horizontal section is called building plan, which is referred to as plan for short
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2
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The content expressed in the building plan reflects the plane shape of the new building, the position and size of the room, the relationship between them, the position and thickness of the wall, the material, the section shape and size of the column, the position and type of the doors and windows
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3
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The purpose of building plan is an important basis for construction setting out, wall building, installation of doors and windows, indoor and outdoor decoration and preparation of project budget
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In general, if there are several floors in a house, several plans should be drawn and the corresponding title should be noted at the bottom of the plan
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As the structure and layout of the middle floor of the multi-storey (high-rise) buildings are basically the same, a plan can be drawn
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2
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The line and plan of architectural plan is actually a section, and the contour lines of walls and columns cut by the section plane are represented by thick solid lines
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The parts that are not cut, such as outdoor steps, apron, stairs and dimension lines, are represented by thin solid lines
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The opening line of the door is represented by a thin solid line
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3
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The scale of building plan is 1:50, 1:100 or 1:200
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Among them, 1:100 is the most used
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3、 The graphic content of the building plan is as follows: 1
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All axes and their numbers, as well as the location and size of walls, columns and piers
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2
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Indicate the names of all rooms and the positions, numbers, and sizes of their doors and windows
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3
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Indicate the relevant indoor and outdoor dimensions and the elevation of indoor floor
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4
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It indicates the location of elevator and staircase, up and down direction and main dimensions of staircase
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5
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Location and size of balcony, canopy, steps, slope, flue, ventilation channel, pipe well, fire ladder, rainwater pipe, apron, drainage ditch, flower pool, etc
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6
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Draw the location and shape of indoor equipment, such as sanitary ware, pool, workbench, partition and important equipment
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7
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It indicates the location and size of basement, pit, trench, reserved hole on wall, high window, etc
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8
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On the ground floor plan, the section symbol and number of the section should also be drawn
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9
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The detail index symbol of relevant parts should be marked
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10
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Draw a compass at the bottom left or right of the ground floor plan
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11
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The roof plan shall generally show: parapet, eaves gutter, roof slope, water diversion line and rain inlet, deformation joint, staircase, water tank room, skylight, manhole, fire ladder and other structures, index symbol, etc
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Please refer to the complete list of common symbols and legends in construction drawings
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4
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Reading of building plan (1) reading of ground floor plan 1
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Understanding of the title and scale of plan
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2
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Understand the orientation of the building
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3
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Understand the layout of the building
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4
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Understand the dimensions on the building plan
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The dimensions indicated on the building plan are the structural surface dimensions without decoration
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The floor area of the building is the area surrounded by the outer edge line of the first floor exterior wall
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Usable area refers to the total net area that can be directly used for production or living in the layout of each floor of a building
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Building area refers to the sum of the peripheral horizontal areas of the external wall structure of each floor
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Including use area, auxiliary area and structure area
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Plane area utilization coefficient k = use area / building area × 100%
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5
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Understand the elevation of each component in the building
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6
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Know the location and number of doors and windows
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7
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Understand the cutting position and index sign of the building section
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8
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Understand the layout of professional equipment
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(2) reading of the plan of the standard floor and the plan of the top floor: in order to simplify the drawing, the contents that have been expressed on the plan of the bottom floor are no longer expressed on the plan of the standard floor and the plan of the top floor
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The canopy shown on the second floor plan will not be drawn on the top floor plan
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The key points of reading the standard floor plan and the top floor plan should be compared with the bottom floor plan
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(3) the reading of the roof plan mainly reflects the location of the skylight, water tank, iron ladder, ventilation channel, parapet, deformation joint, etc
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on the roof, as well as the code of the standard atlas, roof drainage partition, drainage direction, slope, position and size of the rainwater inlet, etc
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02 building elevation 1
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Formation, use and naming of elevation 1
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The orthographic projection made on the vertical projection plane parallel to the building elevation is called building elevation, which is called elevation for short
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The elevation mainly reflects the height, appearance and decoration requirements of each part of the house, which is the main basis of building exterior decoration
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There are three ways to name elevation: 1
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Naming by orientation: an elevation of a building facing that direction is called elevation in that direction
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2
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Named according to the appearance features: the side of the building that reflects the main entrance and exit or more significantly reflects the appearance features is called the front elevation, and the other elevation is the back elevation, left elevation and right elevation in turn
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3
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Name it with the first and last axis in the building plan: name it according to the order of the observer facing the building from left to right
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These three naming methods can be used in construction drawings, but only one of them can be used for each set of construction drawings
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2、 (1) the building elevation mainly shows the shape of the building facade; (2) the distribution, shape and opening direction of the doors and windows on the facade; (3) the shape and position of the roof, balcony, steps, awning, windowsill, plinth and rainwater pipe; (4) the decoration method of the exterior wall; (5) indoor and outdoor The relative elevation and detail index symbol of terrace, window sill, window top, balcony surface, canopy bottom, cornice and other parts
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2
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Specifications and requirements (1) generally, the axis and number at both ends of the drawing shall be marked, and the number shall be consistent with the plan
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(2) drawing line: ① the outline of elevation is represented by thick solid line; ② outdoor floor line is represented by 1.4 times of thick solid line (line width is about 1.4 times of thick solid line); ③ door and window openings, cornices, balconies, awnings and steps are represented by medium solid line; ④ the rest, such as wall separation line, door and window lattice, rainwater pipe and outgoing line, are represented by thin solid line
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(3) legend on the elevation, doors and windows shall be drawn according to the legend specified in the standard
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(4) dimension annotation: on the elevation, the height dimension is mainly expressed by elevation
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Generally, the elevation of the indoor and outdoor floor, the first floor floor, the upper and lower openings of the window opening 9, the top surface of the parapet, the entrance platform surface and the bottom surface of the awning shall be noted
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(5) exterior wall decoration method: according to the design requirements, different materials and methods can be selected for the exterior wall
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On the drawing, text description with leader line is often selected
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Understand the appearance and shape of the building from the front elevation, and compare it with the plan, in-depth understand the roof, name, canopy, steps and other detail shape and location
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2
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Understand the height of the building from the elevation
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3
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Understand the decoration methods of buildings
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4
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Understand the meaning of the index symbols on the elevation 5
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Understand other elevation 6
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Establish the overall shape of the building
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03 building section 1
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Formation and use of building section 1
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Suppose that one or more vertical cutting planes are used to cut the building, and the resulting section is called building section, or section for short
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The building section is used to show the internal structure of the building, the stratification in the vertical direction, the structure of each floor and roof, the relevant dimensions and elevation.
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