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The first step of structural design is to understand the construction drawing
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The construction major is the leader of the whole building design
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Without architectural design, other majors can’t talk about design, so it’s very important to understand the construction drawing
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In general, the construction drawings include the following parts: drawing catalogue, door and window list, general description of architectural design, first floor to roof plan, front elevation, back elevation, East elevation, west elevation, section (depending on the situation, there are multiple), node detail, door and window detail, stair detail (depending on the function, there may be multiple stairs and elevators)
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As a structural designer, we must carefully and rigorously arrange the architectural drawings
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If we don’t understand, we need to ask the architecture and other professions involved in the architectural drawings for construction
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We should absolutely understand the design concept and intention of the architecture
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The list of drawings and the list of doors and windows is the list to understand the overall situation of the whole architectural design, from which we can understand the number of drawings, drawing size and project number, as well as the main functions of the building unit and the whole building
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If there is any difference between the list of drawings and the actual drawings, we must check with the building
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I believe you will not be unfamiliar with the door and window table, that is, the door and window number, the door and window size and method, which is essential for you to calculate the load in the structure
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General description of architectural design general description of architectural design is very important for structural design, because there are many methods and data to be used in structural design mentioned in general description of architectural design, such as: the location of the building (used to determine the fortification degree and wind load and snow load in the structure), the elevation of Yellow Sea (used to calculate the foundation size and buried depth, the elevation of pile top, without the elevation of Yellow Sea, the elevation of construction site In a word, when we look at the architectural design specification, we should not be rash
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This is a very important link whether the structural design is correct or not
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Building plan the building plan is more intuitive, the main information is the layout of the column grid and the functional wall layout of each floor room, the layout of doors and windows, the location of stairs, etc
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The first floor plan is not needed in the upper structure modeling (except for the overhead floor and basement)
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The first floor plan is used when making the foundation
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As for how to really do the structural design, this paper does not detail, here only talks about how to see the construction drawing
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As a structural designer, when he looks at the plan, he needs to consider whether the column network layout of the building is reasonable
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If it is improper, he should give reasons to persuade the building to modify
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It usually does not affect the building function and use effect
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The building will also agree to the modification
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If the building does not change, he has to cry and look at the drawing again (he is the boss, he can’t help it…) and look at the building plan to understand Basically, the value of the live load of the structure can be obtained by understanding the layout of the column net and the doors and windows of the wall, the size of the column section, the beam height and the beam layout
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Anyway, there must be a beam under the wall
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Unless it is the partition of Party a, the light wall is also best to stand on the beam
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It is worth mentioning that, pay attention to the roof plan In order to achieve the effect of facade, modern architecture has a layer structure, which is usually more complex
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We need to understand the idea of architecture carefully
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When necessary, we should consult the architecture or ask for the renderings, and strive to make ourselves understand what the three-dimensional formation of the whole framework looks like, so as not to make mistakes
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In addition, we also need to understand whether the layer is structure slope or building slope
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Building facade The building elevation is a description of the building elevation, which is mainly the appearance effect
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The information provided to the structural engineer is mainly the elevation layout and elevation layout of doors and windows on the elevation, as well as the elevation decoration materials and concave convex changes
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Usually, the wired place is the change of surface, and then the information of story height, which is also the data that plays a role in the determination of structural load
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The function of building section is to express the interior treatment of the building by the architectural designer for the local section which can not be clearly expressed in the plan and elevation
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The structural engineer can get more accurate floor height information and local height changes in the section
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The section information directly determines the beam sinking or lifting relative to the floor elevation at the section Or staggered beams, or sandwich beams, short columns, etc
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At the same time, it has a clear concept whether the window top is a frame beam or a lintel
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In order to more clearly express the practice of each part of the building and facilitate the construction personnel to understand their design intention, the architect needs to draw the detail drawing of the complex structure node to explain the detailed practice, not only to further understand the architect’s idea through the node drawing, but also to analyze whether the node drawing method is reasonable and whether it can be realized in the structure, and then Through the calculation, check whether the size of each component is enough, and allocate the reinforcement
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Of course, some joints do not need to be reinforced by the structural engineer, but the structural engineer also needs to determine whether the joint can be realized in the whole structure
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The detail drawing of doors and windows is not very important for the structural engineer, but for some special doors and windows, the structural engineer must draw the layout plan of lintel on the elevation, so that the construction personnel can have a definite method for the lintel of doors and windows with special shape, so as to avoid the misunderstanding of the construction personnel
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Detailed drawing of stairs stairs is an essential part of every multi-storey building, and it is also a very important part
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The detailed drawing of stairs is divided into the plan of each floor of stairs and the sectional drawing of stairs
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The structural engineer also needs to carefully analyze the composition of each part of stairs, and whether it can form a whole
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When calculating the stairs, the detailed drawing of stairs is the only basis, and all the calculation data According to the detailed drawing of the stairs, when you look at the detailed drawing of the stairs, you must also consider the thickness of the stair beam, the stair slab and the structural form of the stairs clearly
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