The composition and function of the house is mainly composed of foundation, wall or column, floor layer, roof, stairs, doors and windows, steps, apron, balcony, corridor, gutter, rainwater pipe, plinth, skirting board, etc.
Building construction drawing section 1 general knowledge of building construction drawing 1.
It is divided into absolute elevation and relative elevation.
Some play the role of drainage, such as gutter → rainwater pipe → apron → open ditch (trench), etc.
in the future are added..
Circular plane positioning axis number broken line plane positioning axis number the partition number (IV) of the positioning axis indicates the height, unit: meter, generally noted to three digits after the decimal point (two digits in the general plan).
The wind direction frequency rose chart uses the distance between the end point and the center on 8 or 16 azimuth lines to represent the occurrence frequency of this local wind direction in a year.
3) Building construction drawings are mainly used to represent the planning location, external modeling, layout of internal rooms, internal and external decoration, structure and construction requirements of buildings.
5) The equipment construction drawing mainly expresses the layout and construction requirements of water supply and drainage, heating and ventilation, power supply and lighting, gas and other equipment of the building.
Some play a load-bearing role: such as foundation, wall, floor layer, column, beam, roof, etc.
The thick solid line represents the annual wind direction and the thin dotted line represents the summer wind direction.
Horizontal axis: from left to right, marked with Arabic numerals.
Some have the function of daylighting and ventilation, such as windows, doors (Times), high windows, etc.
The scales are generally written on the right side of the drawing name below the drawing or the right side of the detail number.
(V) dimension line unit: the general plan is m, and the rest are mm.
The second dimension: mark the Bay and depth of the house, which is called the axis dimension.
Function: determine the orientation of the building.
For example: general layout 1:1000 or (II) index and detail symbol 1 The detailed drawing led out by the index symbol (1) is on the same drawing as the indexed drawing.
Outdoor elevation (2) the relative elevation standard sets the indoor ground on the first floor of the building as the zero point of the relative elevation, and other heights are based on this.
See the 6th detailed drawing in this drawing for the specific contents of this part.
The first dimension: mark the overall length and width of the house, which is called the overall dimension.
Some play the role of protecting the wall body, such as: plinth, moisture-proof course, skirting board, dado on the toilet wall.
Add construction projects to the above points.
(4) The index symbol is used to index the section detail, and the section location line {2 should be added Detailed drawing symbol 1) the detailed drawing and the indexed drawing are in the same drawing 2) the detailed drawing and the indexed drawing are not in the same drawing (III) positioning axis positioning axis: the baseline for determining the position and dimensioning of the main load-bearing components (walls, columns and beams) of the house is called the positioning axis.
Longitudinal axis: from bottom to top, marked with capital Latin letters.
The positioning axis is represented by a thin single point long line.
On the topographic map with contour lines or coordinate grid, the newly designed and proposed houses, roads, greening, etc.
For those who build houses for large families, they can make a living; Those who build dreams build the glory of the country; Heaven should be the upper, and the lower should be the people; Take on this great cause and don’t forget.
Some play a decorative role: the ceiling, the dado on the living room wall, etc.
The second section is the general layout of the building, which is used to represent the perennial dominant wind direction of a place.
It mainly includes the layout plan, system diagram and detailed drawing of various equipment.
Those higher than it are “+” and those lower than it are “-“.
For the contents of this part, see the sixth detailed drawing in the drawing No.
The absolute elevation shall be marked in the general plan and shall be marked indoors and outdoors of the new building respectively.
General load-bearing wall columns and exterior walls are compiled as the main axis, and non load-bearing walls and partitions are compiled as additional axes (also known as sub axes).
(3) the detailed drawing led out by the index adopts the standard drawing.
External dimensions: mark three times in the horizontal direction and three times in the vertical direction.
The third dimension: the dimensions of wall sections, door and window openings of the external wall of the house are called detail dimensions.
Some have the function of passage: such as walkways, doors (main), steps, stairs, etc.
For this part, see the first detail in the drawing numbered 9 in the standard drawing set marked 99j51.
Some parts of the house play the role of enclosure (preventing the invasion of wind and rain to the interior, thermal insulation), such as exterior wall, roof, etc.
The common scales are as follows: general plan: 1:500, 1:1000, 1:2000 plan, elevation and section: 1:50, 1:100, 1:200 detail: 1:1, 1:2, 1:5, 1:10, 1:20, 1:25, 1:50.
（6） The direction of the North compass and the wind rose pointer is north, the circle uses a thin solid line, the diameter is 24mm, and the tail width of the pointer is 3mm.
The relative elevation shall be marked in other architectural drawings except the general plan.
2、 Content and purpose of construction drawings 1) drawing catalogue 2) general description of design, design basis, design scale and building area, relative elevation and absolute elevation, material description, practice description of new technical materials, door and window list.
However, I, O and Z are not used to avoid confusion with Arabic numerals 0, 1 and 2.
4.
The number of the positioning axis is annotated on the end of the axis Ф 8-10mm thin line circle.
(1) Absolute elevation China stipulates that the average sea level of the Yellow Sea in Qingdao is set as the zero point of the absolute elevation.
Its content mainly includes the first page of construction drawing, general plan, plan of each floor, elevation, section and detail drawing.
Its contents include structural design description, structural layout plan and component details.
4) The structural construction drawing mainly shows the structural type, structural layout, component type, quantity, size and method of the load-bearing structure of the building.
(2) the detailed drawing led out by the index is not in the same drawing as the indexed drawing.
3、 Common symbols in construction drawings (I) scale due to the large size of the house, most of the architectural drawings are drawn according to the reduced scale.