Due to the control of safety in design, the repair work is less
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Italian architect Angelo mangiarotti’s glass church in balanzart is also a block precast concrete structure
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Designed by Miguel fisac (1913 – 2006), Spanish architect of Madrid hydrological research center, the roof of Madrid hydrological research center is assembled with precast concrete hollow units, with a span of about 22m, and each member is about 1m wide and 2m high
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From the concrete expression of Hiroshima Peace Memorial Center to the hall of Kagawa County, we can see that tanha’s understanding of Japanese traditional architecture has changed from maisheng to suowen
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The arrangement of prestressed reinforcement also conforms to the trend of bending moment of simply supported beam
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In the hall of Xiangchuan County, the beauty of traditional wood structure architecture is shown again by reinforced concrete
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In the structural level, the hinged form of the grid joints naturally matches the inherent properties of the wooden structure joints, and the wooden pole bearing only the axial force is also efficient
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The hollow section of body block hoisting effectively improves the utilization rate of materials
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It can be seen from the section that it is a truss structure
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The combination of prefabrication and prestress in the above two cases makes the construction of concrete full of fun
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The cross section of the glass church is X-shaped, and the upper compression area forms a closed cavity, which is convenient for the roof panel to be used, and also ensures the lateral stability of the compression area
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Source: istructure (ID: istructure2017)
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The plasticity of concrete allows it to show the character of different materials like a chameleon
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For structural materials, we often have a natural “stereotype”, such as the lightweight lattice of steel, the vigorous and powerful of concrete, which is due to the consideration of physical properties
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These elements can also be understood as the reproduction of the Masai tradition (openness, pure aesthetics and white) or the straight edge windows of Japanese traditional Machiya in modern architecture
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Because on a purely technical level, a certain structure should be something like? Of course, this kind of material dislocation replacement is to be controlled, that is to say, it is necessary, rather than rigid replacement
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The emergence of precast concrete makes the possibility of “LEGO concrete” glow
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The largest member is 24m long, and the smallest lower chord beam section is only 40cmx30cm, which is equivalent to steel structure members
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Because the cast-in-place concrete can not meet the requirements of short construction period, and it is not suitable to use steel structure near the seaside
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This kind of structural design, which blurs the properties of the material itself, eliminates the stereotype of a certain structural material, which may be a conceptual consideration
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It is a log (cedar) arched grid structure
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The X beam column head is made into entity according to the stress demand, which highlights the thin X in the middle, and the collection and distribution relationship is simple and reasonable
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Structural engineer Matsui Yuanwu through experimental research, in the corresponding bolt position pressure injection of epoxy resin, effective control of the cross grain after tension and compression after the collapse of the convex
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The indoor warm feeling is needless to say
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The entrance curtain wall of xiaoguodingmin gymnasium the node of the indoor stand grid structure of xiaoguodingmin gymnasium is bolt ball, and the connection with the wood structure is also a common steel gusset plate
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The roof panel is also rhombic, which ensures the overall horizontal stiffness of the roof
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Finally, the museum used up to 1200 small components
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02 the steel character of precast concrete, the inherent prefabrication and bending of steel structure make it the king of linear / nonlinear space, and the cast-in-place flow plasticity and maintenance free of concrete make the texture of its body lonely
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Wupu Art Museum (1997), located in Wupu County, north of Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan, is a medium-sized art museum with an area of about 6000 M
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Because the joint is made of logs, it is necessary to pay special attention to the dry shrinkage cracking in the later stage
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Prestress is applied by post tensioning method, like sugar gourd string into an integral simply supported beam
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It can be seen from the facade of the exposed structural beam that the cantilever beam of the frame is divided into two parts, each section is 300mmx600mm, and the section of the middle secondary beam is 114mmx600mm, forming the overlapping shape of the wooden structure, arousing the traditional Japanese aesthetic feeling
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The cracking, decay and deformation of xiaoguodingmin gymnasium are monitored every three years
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However, in some projects, we see some specious expressions, resulting in the alienation of the inherent cognitive structure of the material, reflecting the designer’s thinking and creativity
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There are two origins in the development of Japanese traditional architecture: one is the vertical cave architecture which started in the era of suowen, reflecting the vitality of the people; the other is the high bed architecture which started in the era of Yasunari, and its representative works are “Gui Li Palace” and other noble buildings
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The reason why the layout of prestressed reinforcement, block formwork and static load test were divided into many standard precast segments was that there were no conditions for transportation and integral hoisting of large tonnage components at that time
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A series of public buildings, especially hall buildings, can be seen from the impact of modernism from Corbusier and the collision of Japanese tradition
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Corresponding to the bolt action position, the stress is relatively concentrated
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In this church, the efficient structure, roof drainage structure, curtain wall, decoration and atmosphere are organically integrated, simple and lively
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To some extent, it uses precast concrete as a steel structure
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Therefore, it presents the unique reinforced concrete buildings in Japanese context
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Xiaoguomachimin gymnasium is the first original timber structure large-span building in Japan after 1985
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As we all know, the tensile and compressive capacity of wood along the grain direction is very strong, and the mechanical property of wood along the grain direction is weak
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The grid structure is mainly supported on the concrete structure on three sides, and the entrance side is a Vierendeel steel truss
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After the promulgation of the law of 1985, the possibility of timber structure in the large-span buildings originally dominated by steel structure has increased
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In the policy level, because of this, it is not suitable The blank period of timber structure in the construction of large-scale buildings lasted for more than 20 years
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The reinforced concrete beams are similar to wood structure, with the wood structure character of the period of suowen (residential, earthly and daily)
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The well-designed joints show the exposed structural beauty
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To this end, five prefabrication plants from Hokkaido to Kanto were mobilized for production, and finally transported to the nearest port from the site by ship
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The components are mainly divided into three types: mid span, support and cantilever
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In addition, the fire protection requirements of large space can be relaxed, so the building strategy is appropriate
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The upper part of the section is compressed under all working conditions, so as long as it fits with each other, it can transfer pressure without longitudinal reinforcement
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Although the design and preparation work is very hard, the factory can complete the construction after a large number of prefabrication and transportation to the site for assembly, which greatly shortens the construction period
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01 is it steel? ——The challenge of wooden space truss in 1985, Japan introduced the bill of using wood as structural material for the first time
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On the first floor, a multi ribbed beam is used locally in the lobby, and a slot is made in the middle of the frame beam to make it look similar to the size of the beam on the side as a whole, so that the frame beam is not too bulky.
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The precast concrete sun blinds on the facade are designed from latulet monastery, The design of the half outdoor elevated floor on the first floor comes from the Marseilles apartment
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The reason why the night scene of xiaoguodingmin gymnasium adopts the wooden grid structure is that it is based on the local environment
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In Hiroshima’s Peace Memorial Center, Cobb’s elements are integrated into the building
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In 1988, xiaoguotingmin gymnasium sprang up, with a span of 66mx50m
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Compared with precast + joint post pouring, precast + prestressed technology makes the assembly logic of concrete more interesting
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The main structure is formed by small-scale member lattice, which is a typical passageway and peak
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