Source: Global Assembly building centralized purchasing platform, construction industry assembly building network, China Academy of architectural design and research, China construction network
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Recently, the Ministry of housing and urban rural development (MOHURD) gave a reply to the proposal put forward by Mei Shiwen, deputy to the National People’s Congress, on vigorously promoting prefabricated buildings in Rural Revitalization
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According to the Ministry of housing and urban rural development, prefabricated buildings represent the development trend of new construction methods and are important changes in construction methods, construction technology, building materials and construction organization
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The promotion and application of prefabricated buildings in Rural Revitalization is also an important development direction
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The suggestions put forward by the representatives, such as speeding up the legislative process, strengthening technical support, and strengthening public opinion guidance, are highly targeted and instructive
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In recent years, the Ministry, together with relevant departments, has actively promoted the popularization and application of prefabricated buildings in rural areas
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During the 13th Five Year Plan period, the Ministry of housing and urban rural development formulated many documents, such as the 13th five year plan action plan for prefabricated buildings and the management measures for prefabricated building industrial base, which laid a certain foundation for promoting the application of prefabricated buildings in rural areas
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Since 2019, in combination with the construction pilot of modern livable rural houses, the reconstruction of dangerous rural houses and the seismic reconstruction of rural houses, the Ministry has taken the prefabricated steel structure as the main promotion type in prefabricated buildings such as precast reinforced concrete structure, light steel structure and wood structure, guiding Zhejiang, Shaanxi, Sichuan and Hebei to explore the development of prefabricated steel structure rural houses
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According to preliminary statistics, about 100000 prefabricated rural houses with steel structure have been built in China
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The Ministry of housing and urban rural development investigates and understands the application of prefabricated buildings in rural areas in Japan, the United States and other countries, deeply analyzes and summarizes the practice of promoting steel structure prefabricated rural housing in Zhejiang, Hebei and other places, learns from foreign mature experience, collects domestic and foreign rural housing construction management system, and further improves the promotion and implementation of prefabricated rural housing construction policies and measures
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To further consolidate the technical and industrial foundation, the Ministry of housing and urban rural development has formulated and issued the “technical standard for prefabricated steel residential buildings”, which provides technical standard support from the aspects of integrated design, component production, construction installation and quality acceptance, use and maintenance and management
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The Organization identified 30 cities and 195 enterprises as the first batch of prefabricated building demonstration cities and industrial bases, forming about 50 steel structure prefabricated rural housing production enterprises with an annual production capacity of about 5 million tons
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In 2016, the Ministry of science and technology of the people’s Republic of China started the implementation of the “green building and building industrialization” key project in the national key R & D plan, allocating 1.3 billion yuan, focusing on the whole chain research and development of the basic theory, design, standards and specifications, testing and evaluation, component production, construction and industrialization of prefabricated buildings Design and deployment
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In 2019, the “ecological structure of prefabricated houses in villages and towns” will be implemented in the key projects of technological innovation in green and livable villages and towns, which basically solves the key technologies such as anti-corrosion, sound insulation, fire resistance and durability improvement of steel prefabricated houses
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The construction cost needs to be further reduced
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The Ministry of housing and urban rural development said that steel prefabricated rural house is a new type of structure and building system, social awareness needs to be improved, and the construction cost needs to be further reduced
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Except for some farmers who are willing to accept new things, most farmers still hold a wait-and-see attitude restricted by traditional concepts
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The Ministry of housing and urban rural development has guided local governments to explore various supporting policies, strengthened publicity and guidance, and promoted local governments to formulate supporting policies such as replacing subsidies with awards, credit support and quality insurance
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For example, Zhejiang Province will give support according to the standard of 200 yuan per square meter provincial financial subsidy and 100 yuan per square meter county-level financial subsidy, and at the same time, provide housing farmers with a loan line of no more than 300000 yuan
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Lin’an District of Hangzhou also guides enterprises to buy 3000 yuan of housing insurance for each household to relieve the worries of farmers
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In the next step, the Ministry of housing and urban rural development, together with relevant departments, will take prefabricated buildings as an important content in the special planning and key tasks in the fields of Rural Revitalization and urban and rural living environment construction in the 14th five year plan
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Focusing on steel prefabricated rural houses, we should promote the development of prefabricated buildings, guide local conditions to actively promote prefabricated rural houses, accelerate the transformation of traditional rural house construction methods, and improve the quality of rural housing
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What is prefabricated steel structure building? Prefabricated steel structure building is a building with steel structure as the main load-bearing structure system, which is designed and constructed by the integrated method of the supporting peripheral protection system, equipment pipeline system and the main parts (components) of the interior system
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It has the advantages of light weight, high strength, good seismic performance, recyclable materials and flexible living space
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In the construction process, it adopts standardized design and factory construction Industrial production and on-site assembly construction have the advantages of high construction efficiency, high degree of automation, reducing construction waste and green environmental protection
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Interpretation and thinking of relevant cases at home and abroad 01 foreign cases American katerra company mainly relies on technological progress and creates a new mode of “prefabricated building + industrial chain integration” through technology platform
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In 1968, Japan put forward the concept of prefabricated housing
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In 1990, it introduced the “production system of medium and high-rise housing” which adopts component-based, variable internal structure and adapts to various needs
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It has withstood the test of the 1998 Hanshin earthquake with M = 7.3
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02 domestic case Xie Yingjun: the open light steel system is used for the reconstruction of Yangliu village after the Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan Province
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The reinforced cold-formed thin-walled steel is used as the housing skeleton, with light floor and roof
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The roof truss has light weight, good integrity and can resist strong wind and earthquake
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The house is multi-dimensional and can be used with a variety of materials
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The community residents can participate in it to a large extent
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According to the local customs and customs, the house adopts the local traditional building technology, which has beautiful shape and reflects the rich and colorful national style
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Residents can also participate in building
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Zhu Jingxiang: Xinya light steel system is used in the reception station of anzihe nature reserve to achieve high performance by common building materials and recycling waste
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Its composite structure is composed of C-shaped steel frame and maintenance plate, which can reduce the cost as much as possible and shorten the construction period
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The main body only needs 6-7 workers and 20 students, that is, it can be completed in 2 weeks, saving people as much as possible It’s a kind of capital
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The main problems existing in the promotion of prefabricated rural housing: 1
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The majority of rural grassroots cadres lack of ideological emancipation, lack of understanding of the new concept of development, and can not effectively play a guiding role
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With the transformation of the main social contradiction into the contradiction between the people’s growing demand for a better life and the unbalanced and inadequate development, we have only solved the problem of whether the farmers’ housing is good or not in the past 40 years of reform and opening up
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Some of our grass-roots cadres still focus on short-term benefits, focusing only on solving the problem of whether the farmers’ housing is available or not, rather than solving the problem of whether the farmers’ housing is good or not from meeting the needs of the masses for a better life
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Some beautiful rural houses still follow the traditional way of construction, simple masonry, poor thermal insulation and seismic performance, the average service life is less than 30 years, and some rural houses even renovate once less than 10 years, which is a serious waste
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2
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Lack of incentive policies and effective measures to promote steel prefabricated rural housing
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At present, nine provinces of Hebei, Zhejiang, Shandong, Sichuan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Henan, Qinghai and Shaanxi have issued plans to carry out the pilot work of steel structure prefabricated rural housing in rural areas
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In addition to some provinces have awards and subsidies for steel prefabricated rural housing, most provinces have not introduced relevant incentive measures
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For example, the notice of Anhui Provincial Department of housing and urban rural development and the Department of Finance on organizing the declaration of green building and prefabricated building special fund projects in Anhui Province in 2020 clearly points out that “in principle, the area of residential building demonstration projects awarded and supplemented shall not be less than 50000 square meters (excluding supporting public buildings)”.
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