In architectural design expression, pen sketching is a very important means of expression.
It can not only quickly capture spatial concepts, but also convey design intentions and architectural shapes through lines.
Pen sketching is different from mechanical drawing, as it emphasizes the expression of observational power, line expression, and spatial sense.
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The current architectural design industry is experiencing an unprecedented wave of technological change, with cluster breakthroughs in technologies such as artificial intelligence, digital twins, BIM+AI integration, immersive interaction, and low-carbon
The 2025 UIA Hope Cup is chaired by Liu Jiakun, founder and lead architect of Jiakun Architectural Design Firm, and winner of the 2025 Pritzker Architecture Prize. The title of
The summer heat island effect in contemporary high-density cities continues to intensify, and the energy consumption of building machinery cooling remains high. Artificial temperature control, while alleviating high temperatures, has